Complete Grammar Guide
Master the fundamentals of English grammar with our comprehensive guide covering parts of speech, sentence structure, and essential grammar rules.
Nouns
Person, place, thing, or idea
Examples: dog, happiness, London, teacher
Verbs
Action or state of being
Examples: run, think, is, become
Adjectives
Describe or modify nouns
Examples: beautiful, large, intelligent, red
Adverbs
Modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs
Examples: quickly, very, often, carefully
Pronouns
Replace nouns
Examples: he, she, it, they, who
Prepositions
Show relationships between words
Examples: in, on, at, under, between
Conjunctions
Connect words, phrases, or clauses
Examples: and, but, or, because, although
Interjections
Express emotion or surprise
Examples: oh, wow, alas, hurray
Types of Sentences
Simple Sentence
One independent clause
“The cat sleeps.”
Compound Sentence
Two independent clauses
“The cat sleeps, and the dog plays.”
Complex Sentence
Independent + dependent clause
“The cat sleeps because it is tired.”
Compound-Complex
Multiple independent + dependent
“The cat sleeps because it is tired, but the dog is energetic.”
Sentence Functions
Declarative
States a fact
“It is raining.”
Interrogative
Asks a question
“Is it raining?”
Imperative
Gives a command
“Close the door.”
Exclamatory
Shows emotion
“What a surprise!”
Period (.)
End declarative sentences and abbreviations
“She went home. Dr. Smith called.”
Comma (,)
Separate items, clauses, and phrases
“I bought apples, oranges, and bananas.”
Semicolon (;)
Connect related independent clauses
“It was raining; we stayed inside.”
Question Mark (?)
End direct questions
“Where are you going?”
Exclamation Mark (!)
Show strong emotion or emphasis
“What a beautiful day!”
Quotation Marks (“”)
Enclose direct speech or quotes
She said, “Hello there!”
Subject-Verb Agreement
❌ Wrong:
“The group of students are studying.”
✅ Correct:
“The group of students is studying.”
Its vs. It’s
Its (possessive):
“The dog wagged its tail.”
It’s (contraction):
“It’s a beautiful day.”
Who vs. Whom
Who (subject):
“Who is coming to dinner?”
Whom (object):
“To whom should I address this?”